The Air Force Research Laboratory is investing an additional $7.5 million in IonQ to expand a quantum network already deployed in Rome, New York. This follow-on funding builds on an initial $21.1 million collaboration announced in January 2025, focusing on full-stack enhancements for real-world quantum communication. “We are unlocking new domains for quantum networking by going to free space optics,” said Jordan Shapiro, IonQ President, Quantum Platform. These upgrades, including free-space optical links and automated control software, aim to connect diverse quantum systems over standard telecommunications infrastructure and open air.

Full-Stack Enhancements for Operational Quantum Networking

The Air Force Research Laboratory is deploying advanced optical systems designed to distribute entanglement over secure, line-of-sight quantum channels, using the C-band spectrum. This capability is a key component of a $7.5 million Phase 2 contract awarded to IonQ, building on an initial quantum network established in Rome, New York. These upgrades extend beyond simply establishing a physical network. They focus on interoperability between diverse quantum systems.

Classical networks rely on routers and fiber-optic cables to share data, and IonQ’s work mirrors this functionality for quantum information. Specifically, the contract includes two quantum frequency converter modules intended to deliver interoperability across different quantum and classical hardware by using existing telecom wavelengths. This approach allows for the routing of quantum communication, a critical element for building larger, more complex quantum networks.

Automated control software is also central to the Phase 2 expansion, providing on-premises upgrades for automated self-tests, real-time monitoring and experiment execution. This software will also handle failure scenarios and automate the export of results, streamlining the operation of the network and reducing the need for manual intervention. Complementing this software are upgraded hardware modules, including O-band-compatible network hardware, enhanced polarization controls, and upgraded quantum network interface cards.

These components collectively support AFRL’s broader goals for heterogeneous quantum networking, offering a practical model for future defense communications and enterprise infrastructure. The advancements build upon previous collaborative work, including a photonics interconnect milestone achieved in April 2026 and the deployment of an IonQ quantum computing system at the AFRL site in Rome, New York, the company says. This phased approach allows for incremental improvements and validation of technologies in a real-world setting.

The ultimate goal is to create a deployable model for multi-node quantum networks, extending the reach and capabilities of quantum communication beyond isolated laboratory environments. IonQ’s work, according to the company, is focused on building quantum networking that runs on standard telecom infrastructure and through open air, and proving it on a live network. This commitment is reflected in the focus on practical, deployable solutions that address the challenges of building and operating quantum networks in real-world conditions.