Dark Matter Mystery Deepens: New Findings Shake Theoretical Foundations

Scientists have long been fascinated by the mysteries of dark matter, which makes up approximately 27% of the universe’s mass-energy density. Recent breakthroughs in research have shed new light on this enigma, revealing a complex interplay between dark dimensions and primordial black holes (PBHs). A new analysis has shown that PBHs perceiving the dark dimension could escape from their confinement almost instantly, leading to a revised estimate of their allowed mass range. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of the universe and its constituent parts, opening up new avenues for dark matter research.

The concept of a dark dimension has been proposed as a mechanism to resolve the cosmological hierarchy problem, which arises from the discrepancy between the observed value of the Hubble constant and the predicted value based on the standard model of cosmology. The dark dimension provides a framework for understanding the behavior of particles in high-energy environments, such as those found in the early universe.

In recent publications, researchers have investigated whether primordial black holes (PBHs) that perceive the dark dimension could constitute all of the dark matter in the universe. A key assumption of these investigations was that PBHs remain confined to the brane during the entire evaporation process. However, this assumption has been relaxed in a new study, which reexamines the evaporation process of PBHs allowed to escape into the dark dimension.

Relaxing this assumption has significant implications for our understanding of the universe. By allowing PBHs to escape into the dark dimension, researchers have found that observations of both the extragalactic and Galactic γ-ray backgrounds severely constrain the abundance of PBHs evaporating at the present epoch. This constraint has led to reassessing the allowed mass range of PBHs to assemble all cosmological dark matter.

The swampland refers to the set of influential field theories (EFTs) that look consistent according to all available low-energy criteria but do not arise from an ultraviolet complete theory that includes quantum gravity. This concept has been developed in recent years as a way to understand the behavior of particles in high-energy environments.

Several conjectures have been proposed for fencing off the swampland, including the distance conjecture (DC) and the anti-de Sitter (AdS) distance conjecture. The DC asserts that in any consistent theory of quantum gravity, when venturing to large distances in four-dimensional 4D Planck units within scalar field space, a tower of particles will become light at a rate that is exponential in the field space distance.

The AdSDC in dS space provides an expressway to elucidate the cosmological hierarchy problem Λ M4 p10122. This conjecture has significant implications for our understanding of the universe, as it suggests that the observed value of the Hubble constant may be influenced by the behavior of particles in high-energy environments.

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical objects formed in the early universe. They have been proposed as a potential source of dark matter, which makes up approximately 27% of the universe’s mass-energy density.

Recent studies have investigated whether PBHs could constitute all of the dark matter in the universe. A key assumption of these investigations was that PBHs remain confined to the brane during the entire evaporation process. However, a new study has relaxed this assumption and reexamines the evaporation process of PBHs allowed to escape into the dark dimension.

Relaxing this assumption has significant implications for our understanding of the universe. By allowing PBHs to escape into the dark dimension, researchers have found that observations of both the extragalactic and Galactic γ-ray backgrounds severely constrain the abundance of PBHs evaporating at the present epoch.

The evaporation process of primordial black holes (PBHs) has been significant research topic in recent years. A new study has reexamined this process, allowing PBHs to escape into the dark dimension.

The relaxation of the assumption that PBHs remain confined to the brane during the entire evaporation process has led to a reassessment of the allowed mass range of PBHs to assemble all cosmological dark matter. This constraint has significant implications for our understanding of the universe, as it suggests that the behavior of particles in high-energy environments may influence the observed value of the Hubble constant.

The allowed mass range of primordial black holes (PBHs) to assemble all cosmological dark matter has been significant research topic in recent years. A new study has reexamined this constraint, allowing PBHs to escape the dark dimension.

The relaxation of the assumption that PBHs remain confined to the brane during the entire evaporation process has led to a reassessment of the allowed mass range of PBHs. This constraint has significant implications for our understanding of the universe, as it suggests that the behavior of particles in high-energy environments may influence the observed value of the Hubble constant.

The relaxation of the assumption that primordial black holes (PBHs) remain confined to the brane during the entire evaporation process has significant implications for our understanding of the universe. By allowing PBHs to escape into the dark dimension, researchers have found that the abundance of PBHs evaporating at the present epoch is severely constrained by observations of both the extragalactic and Galactic γ-ray backgrounds.

This constraint has led to a reassessment of the allowed mass range of PBHs to assemble all cosmological dark matter. This has significant implications for our understanding of the universe, as it suggests that the observed value of the Hubble constant may be influenced by the behavior of particles in high-energy environments.

The concept of a dark dimension has been proposed as a mechanism to resolve the cosmological hierarchy problem. Recent studies have investigated whether primordial black holes (PBHs) that perceive the dark dimension could constitute all of the dark matter in the universe. A key assumption of these investigations was that PBHs remain confined to the brane during the entire evaporation process.

However, a new study has relaxed this assumption, reexamines the evaporation process of PBHs allowed to escape into the dark dimension, and suggests that the observed value of the Hubble constant may be influenced by the behavior of particles in high-energy environments.

The allowed mass range of PBHs to assemble all cosmological dark matter has been reassessed, and the constraint on the abundance of PBHs evaporating at the present epoch has significant implications for our understanding of the universe.