Tim Strobel, Michal Vyvlecka, and colleagues demonstrated full-photonic quantum teleportation utilising semiconductor quantum dots, published November 17, 2025, in Nature Communications. The researchers employed two remote GaAs quantum dots—one serving as an entangled-photon pair source and the other as a single-photon source—to achieve remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths with a visibility of 30(1)%. This process yielded a post-selected teleportation fidelity up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit, and represents a key advancement in scalable quantum networks and the pursuit of a global quantum internet.
Telecom-Wavelength Quantum Teleportation Overview
Telecom-wavelength quantum teleportation was demonstrated using two remote GaAs quantum dots (QDs). One QD served as a source of entangled photon pairs, while the other generated single photons. Successful teleportation required a Bell state measurement and the use of polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters to address a wavelength mismatch. This approach enabled remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths, yielding a visibility of 30(1)%.
The experiment utilized epitaxially grown droplet etching semiconductor QDs to implement full-photonic quantum teleportation. A single-photon state from one QD was teleported onto the entangled photon emission from the other. Frequency conversion was crucial to bridge the wavelength gap, allowing for operation at telecommunication wavelengths suitable for long-distance propagation through standard silica fibers—the backbone of current telecommunication infrastructure.
Post-selection resulted in a teleportation fidelity reaching up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit. This achievement demonstrates successful quantum teleportation between light originating from distinct sources, representing a key step towards scalable quantum networks. Time-resolved measurements were also conducted to study the teleportation dynamics in detail, furthering understanding of the process.
Remote Quantum Dot Implementation
This research demonstrates full-photonic quantum teleportation using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Two remote GaAs QDs were employed – one acting as an entangled-photon pair source and the other as a single-photon source. The single photon’s polarization state was teleported onto the exciton emission of the entangled pair via a polarization-selective Bell state measurement. This implementation utilizes triggered quantum light, aiming to upscale network complexity with deterministic photon generation, a crucial step towards practical quantum networks.
A key technical challenge addressed was wavelength mismatch between the QD sources. To enable remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths, two polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters were used. These converters erased the frequency mismatch while maintaining polarization, resulting in a measured visibility of 30(1)%. This frequency conversion is important because standard silica fibers, the backbone of telecommunication, operate most efficiently at these wavelengths, minimizing loss and dispersion.
The experiment achieved a post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit. This result highlights the potential of semiconductor QDs as reliable quantum light sources for quantum communication. The use of epitaxially grown GaAs QDs and the detailed study of teleportation dynamics via time-resolved measurements contribute to the advancement of scalable quantum networks and long-distance quantum communication.
GaAs Quantum Dot Sources
Researchers successfully demonstrated full-photonic quantum teleportation utilizing GaAs quantum dots. Two remote, epitaxially grown GaAs quantum dots were employed – one as an entangled-photon pair source and the other as a single-photon source. This experiment involved teleporting the polarization state of a single photon onto the exciton emission of the entangled pair via a polarization-selective Bell state measurement, a crucial step for quantum communication networks.
To enable remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths, the frequency mismatch between the triggered sources was addressed using polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters. These converters allowed for the preservation of entanglement during the conversion process, and the resulting converted photons exhibited wavelengths suitable for propagation along standard silica fibers. This yielded a visibility of 30(1)%.
The experiment achieved a post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit. This result demonstrates successful quantum teleportation between light originating from distinct sources and highlights the potential of semiconductor-based quantum light sources for future quantum networks, particularly given the advantages of GaAs quantum dots in spin coherence and light emission.
Entangled Photon Pair Generation
This research demonstrates full-photonic quantum teleportation using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Two remote GaAs QDs are utilized—one as a source of entangled photon pairs and the other as a single-photon source. The single photon’s polarization state is teleported onto the exciton emission of the entangled pair via a polarization-selective Bell state measurement. This experiment utilizes triggered quantum light, aiming to create a scalable network for quantum communication and interfacing with remote quantum computers.
A critical aspect of this work is overcoming wavelength mismatch between the QD sources. Polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters are employed to shift the photons to telecommunication wavelengths, enabling remote two-photon interference and minimizing propagation losses in standard silica fibers. These converters maintain the high degree of entanglement, resulting in a demonstrated visibility of 30(1)% for the interference, crucial for long-distance quantum communication.
The experiment achieved a post-selected teleportation fidelity up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit. This result signifies a key advancement in semiconductor-based quantum light sources and highlights the potential of epitaxially grown GaAs QDs for realizing quantum networks. Time-resolved measurements were also conducted to study the dynamics of the teleportation process in detail.
Single-Photon Source Utilization
This research demonstrates full-photonic quantum teleportation utilizing semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Two remote GaAs QDs are employed—one as a single-photon source and the other generating entangled-photon pairs. The single photon’s polarization state is teleported onto the exciton emission of the entangled pair via a polarization-selective Bell state measurement. This approach leverages the ability of QDs to function as both single- and entangled-photon sources, a key requirement for scalable quantum networks.
To achieve teleportation at telecommunication wavelengths, the frequency mismatch between the triggered sources is addressed using polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters. These converters enable remote two-photon interference and yielded a visibility of 30(1)%. Preserving polarization during conversion is crucial for maintaining entanglement and enabling long-distance propagation through standard silica fibers—the foundation of existing telecommunication infrastructure.
Successful quantum teleportation was demonstrated with a post-selected fidelity reaching 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit. This fidelity, achieved with light from distinct QD sources, marks an important advancement for semiconductor-based quantum light sources. The research highlights the potential of epitaxially grown GaAs QDs for building the nodes of a future quantum internet and enabling secure communication.
Bell State Measurement Process
A key component of this research is the implementation of a Bell state measurement (BSM). This process is central to quantum teleportation, allowing the polarization state of a single photon to be transferred onto an entangled photon emitted from a separate quantum dot. The experiment uses two distinct, triggered quantum light sources – one generating the single photon and the other emitting the entangled photon pair – and relies on the BSM to facilitate the teleportation process.
To achieve photon interference necessary for teleportation, the experiment utilizes two polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters. These converters address the wavelength mismatch between the photons originating from the different quantum dots, allowing for remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths. This conversion is crucial for enabling long-distance quantum communication via standard silica fibers, as it preserves the photons’ entanglement during the process.
Successful quantum teleportation was demonstrated with an average fidelity of up to 0.721(33). This fidelity level significantly exceeds the classical limit, indicating that the polarization state was accurately transferred. The experiment utilized frequency conversion to achieve this, effectively bridging the wavelength gap between the two quantum dot sources and enabling the demonstration of quantum teleportation between light from distinct sources.
Polarization-Selective Interface
A key component of the reported quantum teleportation experiment is a “polarization-selective Bell state measurement” (BSM). This measurement is used to teleport the polarization state of a single photon onto the entangled photon emitted by a second quantum dot. Importantly, the experiment utilizes polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters to address wavelength mismatch between the sources, which is crucial for achieving photon interference and successful teleportation between distinct sources of quantum light.
The study demonstrates successful quantum teleportation between light originating from two separate quantum dot sources. This is accomplished by interfacing the single-photon state with the biexciton emission of an entangled pair, utilizing the polarization-selective BSM. The frequency mismatch is erased using polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters, allowing for remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths with a visibility of 30(1)%.
Ultimately, the experiment achieves a post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit. This result highlights the potential of semiconductor quantum dots as reliable sources for quantum communication networks, particularly given their ability to function as both entangled-photon pair sources and single-photon sources in a teleportation scheme designed for telecommunication wavelengths.
Quantum Frequency Conversion
Quantum frequency conversion is utilized to address a wavelength gap between near-infrared (NIR) emitting quantum dots (QDs) and the preferred telecommunication wavelengths for long-distance quantum communication. The source details how polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters were employed to eliminate wavelength mismatch between photons from two distinct QDs, enabling remote two-photon interference. This process is crucial as standard silica fibers experience minimal loss at telecommunication wavelengths, making it ideal for future quantum networks.
These quantum frequency converters are specifically designed to operate with light from quantum dots while preserving the polarization state during conversion. The experiment successfully achieved two-photon interference with converted photons at telecommunication wavelengths, yielding a visibility of 30(1)%. This demonstrates the potential for scaling quantum networks by using remote sources of quantum light connected via standard telecommunications infrastructure.
The use of frequency conversion enabled the researchers to achieve a teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33), demonstrating successful quantum teleportation between light from distinct sources. This fidelity significantly exceeds the classical limit, indicating a high degree of entanglement is maintained throughout the frequency conversion and teleportation process, marking an important development for semiconductor-based quantum light sources.
Telecommunication Wavelengths for Propagation
This research demonstrates full-photonic quantum teleportation using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Two remote GaAs QDs were employed—one as a source of entangled photon pairs and the other as a single-photon source. Successful teleportation required erasing a frequency mismatch between the triggered sources using polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters, enabling two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths with a visibility of 30(1)%.
The use of telecommunication wavelengths is critical for practical quantum networks, as standard silica fibers experience minimal propagation losses at these wavelengths. This is particularly important for quantum light, reducing the need for repeater stations and maintaining high interference visibility over longer distances. The researchers utilized quantum frequency converters to shift the QD emissions into this optimal range, bridging a gap between typical QD emissions and telecom standards.
A post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33) was achieved, significantly exceeding the classical limit. This demonstrates successful quantum teleportation between light originating from distinct sources. The experiment utilized epitaxially grown GaAs QDs and involved detailed time-resolved measurements to study the teleportation dynamics, marking an important development for semiconductor-based quantum light sources.
Two-Photon Interference Achievement
Researchers successfully demonstrated full-photonic quantum teleportation using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Two remote GaAs QDs were employed – one as a source of entangled photon pairs and the other generating single photons. This process involved preparing the single photon in specific polarization states and utilizing a Bell state measurement with the entangled pair’s emission, effectively teleporting the polarization state. The experiment aimed to create a system for scalable quantum networks and reliable quantum hardware.
A key challenge addressed was the frequency mismatch between the triggered QD sources. This was overcome using two polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters, which enabled remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths. This resulted in a visibility of 30(1)%, a crucial step for long-distance quantum communication utilizing existing silica fiber infrastructure. Preserving polarization during conversion was also a key aspect of the experimental setup.
The experiment achieved a post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit. This result demonstrates successful quantum teleportation between light originating from distinct sources. These findings mark an important advancement for semiconductor-based quantum light sources and their potential role in future quantum networks and applications like secure communication.
Teleportation Fidelity Measurement
This research demonstrates quantum teleportation achieved using two distinct semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as sources of triggered light. A single-photon state from one QD is teleported onto the entangled photon emitted by the second QD via a Bell state measurement. Polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters were used to eliminate wavelength mismatch, enabling photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths—a critical step for long-distance propagation through standard silica fibers.
The experiment achieved a post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding the classical limit. This success relies on maintaining a high degree of entanglement throughout the frequency conversion process. Time-resolved measurements were also performed to study the dynamics of the teleportation process, furthering understanding of this quantum phenomenon with semiconductor light sources.
Achieving 30(1)% visibility in two-photon interference was key to demonstrating successful quantum teleportation. The use of quantum frequency converters enabled this interference by tuning the wavelengths of the photons to a common target, allowing for their use in standard telecommunication infrastructure. This represents an important step toward scalable, semiconductor-based quantum networks and a global quantum internet.
Quantum Light Sources for Networks
Quantum networks rely on reliable quantum hardware, including sources of entangled photons and quantum memories. Researchers demonstrated full-photonic quantum teleportation using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Two remote GaAs QDs were utilized: one generating entangled photon pairs, and the other a single photon. This experiment aimed to teleport the polarization state of the single photon onto the entangled pair, a key step toward building scalable quantum networks and interfacing with remote quantum computers or sensors.
To achieve teleportation, the frequency mismatch between the triggered QD sources was corrected using polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters. This enabled remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths, yielding a visibility of 30(1)%. This is crucial because telecommunication wavelengths minimize propagation losses in standard silica fiber, the foundation of current global communication infrastructure, and maintain low dispersion for reliable quantum light transmission over long distances.
Successful quantum teleportation was demonstrated with a post-selected fidelity reaching 0.721(33), exceeding the classical limit. This result signifies a significant advancement in semiconductor-based quantum light sources and their potential for long-distance quantum communication. The experiment utilized epitaxially grown droplet etching semiconductor GaAs QDs and involved a Bell state measurement to transfer the quantum state between the photons from distinct sources.
Quantum Memories and Information Storage
Quantum memories and sources of quantum light are fundamental for realizing a global quantum internet, allowing secure connection of distant nodes and interfacing with remote quantum computers. Epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) are showing promise as quantum memories due to improvements in spin coherence, and their ability to interface with light from other QDs which function as efficient sources of single and entangled photons. This is particularly appealing because QDs can potentially provide deterministic generation of photons, unlike probabilistic methods.
Researchers successfully demonstrated full-photonic quantum teleportation utilizing two remote, triggered semiconductor quantum dots. One QD served as an entangled-photon pair source, while the other generated a single photon. A Bell state measurement was performed, and wavelength mismatch was corrected using polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters, enabling remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths with a visibility of 30(1)%.
The experiment achieved a post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33), significantly exceeding classical limits, demonstrating successful quantum teleportation between light from distinct sources. The use of quantum frequency converters was critical to bridge the wavelength gap, fully preserving the high degree of entanglement during conversion and allowing for potential long-distance propagation using standard silica fibers—the backbone of current telecommunication infrastructure.
Epitaxial Quantum Dot Advantages
Epitaxially grown quantum dots (QDs) are showing promise as quantum memory in future quantum networks due to recent improvements in spin coherence. These QDs can be effectively interfaced with light, functioning as efficient sources of both single and entangled photons. The source highlights that utilizing QDs is particularly appealing because they can generate deterministic quantum light, a beneficial feature for scaling network complexity and enhancing the generation process of entangled photons.
This research demonstrates full-photonic quantum teleportation using two remote, epitaxially grown GaAs quantum dots. One QD acts as an entangled-photon pair source, while the other generates single photons. The experiment utilizes polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters to address wavelength mismatch, allowing for remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths and achieving a visibility of 30(1)%.
Successful quantum teleportation was demonstrated with a post-selected fidelity reaching up to 0.721(33), significantly above the classical limit. The use of quantum frequency converters is highlighted as a crucial approach for bridging the wavelength gap and enabling long-distance propagation through standard silica fibers, essential for the future implementation of quantum communication networks.
Photon Teleportation Dynamics & Timing
This research demonstrates full-photonic quantum teleportation using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Two remote GaAs QDs are employed – one as a source of entangled photon pairs and the other as a single-photon source. Successful teleportation requires eliminating a frequency mismatch between the triggered sources, achieved using two polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters. This allows for remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths, yielding a visibility of 30(1)%.
The experiment focuses on achieving photon interference and a high degree of entanglement crucial for quantum teleportation. Frequency conversion is key to bridging the wavelength gap, enabling the use of standard silica fibers for long-distance propagation. These fibers offer minimal propagation losses and limited photon wavepacket dispersion, vital for maintaining quantum information over extended distances and supporting a future quantum communication infrastructure.
Time-resolved measurements were also conducted to study the photon teleportation dynamics. A post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33) was achieved, significantly exceeding the classical limit and demonstrating successful quantum teleportation between light from distinct sources. This result represents an important advancement for semiconductor-based quantum light sources and future quantum networks.
