Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Enhances Nanorouter Design, Boosts Internet Speed

The article explores a novel nanorouter design using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) circuits, which offer improved speed and reduced power dissipation. The nanorouter is presented as a data path selector, with the study examining the cell count of QCA and the circuit delay. The article also discusses the influence of advancements in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology on the nanorouter design. The QCA technology offers several advantages such as low power dissipation, a tiny chip area, and an ultrahigh-speed clock, potentially increasing internet speed. The article also details the structure of a QCA cell and its role in high-security communication.

What is the Novel Design of Cryptographic Architecture of Nanorouter Using Quantumdot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology?

The article discusses a groundbreaking nanorouter structure, a key component in nanocommunication. The nano router is designed using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) circuits, which offer improved speed and reduced power dissipation, making them suitable for meeting internet standards. The nanorouter is presented as a data path selector, and the study examines the cell count of QCA and the circuit delay. The manuscript introduces novel designs of 4:1 Mux and 1:4 Demux designs, which are used to implement the proposed nanorouter design. The proposed 4:1 Mux design requires 35% fewer cell counts and 20-25% fewer area, and the proposed 1:4 Demux designs require 75-80% fewer cell counts and 90-95% fewer area compared to their latest counterparts. The QCAPro utility is used to analyze the power consumption of several components that make up the router, and QCADesigner 2.0.3 is used to validate the simulation results and output validity.

How Does the Advancement in VLSI Technology Influence the Design of the Nano router?

The advancement in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology, which primarily depends on scaling integrated circuits or ICs based on Moore’s law, has a significant influence on the design of the nanorouter. However, the Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is reaching its limits on the physical size due to several drawbacks such as ultrathin gate oxide effect, short channel effects, doping fluctuations, and expensive lithography at the nanoscale level. As a result, Quantumdot cell automata (QCA) has emerged as the most promising option in contrast to traditional CMOS technology. QCA devices offer several advantages such as high speed, high density, and low power consumption, which are very beneficial for the design of digital circuits. The primary unit of QCA is a cell composed of four divisions of quantum dots with electrons located at the vertices of a square. The QCA cell can accommodate a maximum of two electrons at a time, and these electrons stay apart at a maximum distance by repulsion through columbic force.

What Role Does a Router Play in the Internet and How Does QCA Technology Enhance Its Functionality?

A router is a critical part of the internet, and it needs to be designed in such a way that the packets coming to the input port must successfully transfer to the output port. An essential requirement is that the memory access rate should not be less than the line rate. The QCA technology offers several advantages such as very low power dissipation, a tiny chip area, and an ultrahigh-speed clock near the range of 1-2 THz. Using QCA technology, the router architecture is built, potentially increasing the internet speed. Cryptography is very helpful in protecting data, and this can be done very efficiently in the digital world.

How Does QCA Contribute to High-Security Communication?

For high-security communication, QCA is utilized to construct an effective Nanorouter, which can achieve less power with lesser delay and low circuit complexity. Some significant findings of this study include the implementation of MUX and DEMUX through the newly proposed single-layer structure, the implementation of a data path selector circuit that can work as a Nanorouter utilizing MUX and DEMUX, a novel design of XOR gate having efficient area and lesser clock, and the design of encoder and decoder circuit using the XOR gate. The power analysis of all the structure is shown, and also their thermal mapping with the help of QCA pro tool. Using all structure, a cryptographic nanocommunication architecture is obtained.

What is the Structure of a QCA Cell?

A QCA cell is made up of four quantum dots that are implemented using metal islands on the substrate. The quantum dots adhere to the quantum confinement principle. Any QCA circuit is made up of these cells, and numerous alternative cell locations help to realize multiple logic gates. A single electron may be trapped by a dot in a cell, and it can have two electrons within it at the same time. Electrons are free and mobile, allowing them to tunnel between the dots. However, tunneling outside the cells is not permitted due to the high potential barrier. Electrons in a cell settle along opposing diagonals due to their columbic interaction. Two possible states are equivalent to each other; these states mainly have polarization P = 1 and P = -1. The two polarization states define the binary logic states: P = -1 will represent logic 0, and P = 1 will represent logic 1. A cell near the other QCA cell will polarize.