Quantum Corrections Stabilize Dymnikova-Schwinger Black Holes, Preventing Complete Evaporation in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity

Black holes, enigmatic objects predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, continue to challenge our understanding of gravity and quantum mechanics. A. Errehymy, Y. Khedif, and M. Daoud, working with colleagues including K. Myrzakulov, B. Turimov, and T. Myrzakul, investigate black holes within a theoretical framework that incorporates quantum corrections and a fundamental limit to how small distances can be. This research yields novel black hole solutions that avoid the problematic complete evaporation predicted by classical theory, instead stabilising into permanent remnants, and offers new insights into the potential resolution of the long-standing black hole information loss paradox by exploring the thermodynamic properties and energy emission rates of these modified black holes. The team’s work represents a significant step towards reconciling general relativity with quantum mechanics and deepening our understanding of these cosmic phenomena.

Modified Black Hole Thermodynamics and Horizons

Scientists explore modifications to black hole solutions and thermodynamics by introducing corrections to General Relativity, combining aspects of modified gravity, such as Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, with quantum corrections related to the Generalized Uncertainty Principle. This research investigates how these alterations influence black hole properties, including their horizons, temperatures, and entropies, aiming to understand the fundamental characteristics of these cosmic objects. Researchers investigate the existence and properties of event horizons in these modified gravity scenarios, as the presence and characteristics of horizons are crucial for defining black holes. The study also examines regular black holes, such as Dymnikova black holes, which avoid the singularity at the center and possess a de Sitter core, modifying their horizon structure.

Scientists explore the topology of horizons, investigating the possibility of multiple horizons or horizons with non-standard topologies. The team analyzes how modifications to gravity and quantum corrections affect the Hawking temperature and entropy of black holes, performing stability analysis to determine whether the modified black hole solutions are stable or unstable, which is crucial for understanding their physical relevance. The ADM mass is used to calculate the total mass-energy of the black hole, providing a comprehensive understanding of its properties.

Quantum Black Holes with Minimal Length Scales

Scientists investigated black holes using a modified gravitational framework incorporating quantum corrections and a fundamental minimal length scale, integrating Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with a matter source designed to model particle creation. This ultimately derived novel black hole solutions that avoid singularities and exhibit complex horizon structures, crucially stabilizing into permanent remnants, offering new insights into the ultimate fate of black holes and potential resolutions to the information loss paradox. To characterize these black holes, researchers analyzed their thermodynamic properties and calculated their quasinormal mode spectra using the WKB approximation. This technique involved matching expansions near the black hole horizon and at infinity, guided by the peak of the potential energy landscape, yielding equations describing the real and imaginary parts of the quasinormal frequencies, revealing how these modes oscillate and decay over time.

The team systematically varied parameters such as the coupling constant and the quantum correction parameter, alongside the orbital angular momentum, to map the quasinormal mode spectrum. They found that increasing these parameters intensified oscillation frequencies and accelerated the damping of scalar perturbations, highlighting the strong influence of quantum corrections on black hole dynamics. Detailed calculations confirmed that larger values of these parameters corresponded to faster oscillations and slower decay rates, and the study investigated the energy emission rate, demonstrating that increasing the quantum correction parameter significantly increased the energy emission rate.

Stable Black Holes and Remnant Thermodynamics

Scientists investigated black holes within a framework incorporating corrections inspired by string theory and a fundamental minimal length scale, successfully deriving novel black hole solutions that do not undergo complete evaporation. These solutions exhibit diverse horizon structures and, crucially, stabilize into permanent remnants, offering new perspectives on resolving the black hole information loss paradox. The team began by exploring Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and uncovered these non-singular black hole solutions by integrating the theory with a matter source modeling particle creation. Measurements confirm that the derived solutions remain stable even in higher dimensions, maintaining second-order equations of motion.

Further work focused on Dymnikova’s profile, building on the analogy between gravitational and electromagnetic effects, and the team incorporated corrections from the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, introducing a minimal length scale. Results demonstrate that by modifying the particle production rate with GUP corrections, the team derived a refined density profile for the black hole. Experiments revealed that for moderate values of the GUP parameter and sufficiently large radii, the correction remains small, allowing for a smooth recovery of the standard Dymnikova density profile. The team precisely defined the curvature tension and related it to the Kretschmann scalar, ensuring consistency with Dymnikova’s original work, providing a detailed model for black hole interiors and offering a pathway towards understanding the ultimate fate of these enigmatic objects.

Stable Black Holes and Remnant Thermodynamics

This research presents novel black hole solutions derived within a modified gravitational framework incorporating corrections and a fundamental minimal length scale. By integrating Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with a matter source designed to model particle creation, the team successfully demonstrated the existence of black holes that do not undergo complete evaporation, instead stabilizing into permanent remnants with unique thermodynamic properties, offering a potential resolution to the black hole information loss paradox. The analysis extends to examining the quasinormal mode spectra and energy emission rates of Dymnikova-Schwinger black holes, further elucidating the behaviour of these modified gravitational objects. The findings indicate that incorporating quantum effects, through the use of a generalized uncertainty principle, and curvature corrections via Gauss-Bonnet terms, can effectively resolve the singularities typically predicted at the centre of black holes, leading to the formation of stable remnants with finite mass and temperature. Future research directions include exploring the observational signatures of these remnants and investigating their potential role in the early universe or as dark matter candidates.