Quantum Corrections Resolve Low-Temperature Fluid/Gravity Correspondence, Addressing Logarithmic Frequency Terms

The search for a complete understanding of how gravity emerges from quantum systems presents significant challenges, particularly at extremely low temperatures, where conventional theoretical approaches often break down. Jun Nian, Leopoldo A. Pando Zayas, and Cong-Yuan Yue, from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific and the University of Michigan, address these difficulties by revisiting the fluid/gravity correspondence, a theoretical framework linking fluid dynamics to gravity. Their work resolves long-standing issues with infrared divergences that plague low-temperature calculations, demonstrating that these divergences can be overcome with a carefully chosen mathematical approach. By incorporating insights from the physics of near-extremal black holes and effectively averaging out certain quantum fluctuations, the team constructs a consistent theoretical description of fluids at very low temperatures, revealing a potential violation of a previously established universal bound on viscosity.

Literature versions of the fluid/gravity correspondence have faced obstacles, manifesting as logarithmic terms in frequency calculations, leading to non-local behavior in the stress tensor and charge current. These difficulties arise from a breakdown of the hydrodynamic description due to additional infrared modes. Researchers have revisited the fluid/gravity correspondence at very low temperatures, employing new quantum insights derived from the physics of near-extremal black holes, effectively described by Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity as a model for quantum fluctuations. This approach naturally incorporates a new length scale into the calculations.

Near-Extremal Black Holes and Quantum Gravity

This research focuses on the study of near-extremal black holes and their connection to quantum gravity. The work investigates the holographic duality, linking gravitational theories to quantum field theories, allowing scientists to explore strongly coupled quantum systems using classical gravity and vice versa. The research also addresses the black hole information paradox and potential resolutions using holographic duality, focusing on the hydrodynamic behavior of strongly coupled systems and the calculation of transport coefficients. The study explores particle creation in strong electric fields near black holes, the statistical mechanics of black holes, and investigates logarithmic corrections to black hole thermodynamics.

Infrared Fluctuations Resolve Fluid Dynamics Issues

Scientists have achieved a breakthrough in understanding low-temperature fluid dynamics by resolving issues within the fluid/gravity correspondence. The research addresses problematic logarithmic terms that arise in calculations of stress and charge currents, leading to a breakdown in the standard hydrodynamic description. By incorporating insights from Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity and focusing on fluctuations within near-extremal black holes, the team demonstrated that these issues can be resolved by carefully considering the order of limits taken during calculations. Averaging the infrared Schwarzian modes as an effective contribution to the long-wavelength fluid modes yields a consistent low-temperature effective fluid description, allowing for the calculation of dispersion relations. Measurements confirm that the conventional universal bound on the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density is violated at very low temperatures due to these corrections. The research provides near-extremal expressions for black hole mass and entropy.

Low Temperature Fluid Correspondence Resolved

Scientists have achieved a significant advancement in understanding the fluid/gravity correspondence by resolving issues that arise when applying this framework to extremely low-temperature systems. Previous attempts encountered mathematical difficulties, specifically the appearance of logarithmic terms indicating a breakdown in the standard hydrodynamic description. Researchers addressed this challenge by incorporating new insights derived from the study of near-extremal black holes, effectively modeling fluctuations within the theoretical system. This work demonstrates that by carefully considering the order of calculations and incorporating quantum corrections, these problematic logarithmic terms can be eliminated, restoring a consistent description of the fluid at low temperatures. Averaging certain quantum effects provides an effective contribution to the fluid’s behavior, aligning with established hydrodynamic principles, and reveals corrections to the relationship between shear viscosity and entropy density at very low temperatures.