The advent of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) is revolutionizing the display technology landscape, offering a myriad of benefits including high absorption coefficients, low production costs, and ease of processability, all while minimizing environmental impact. These tiny semiconductor nano materials have been successfully integrated into various display technologies, such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and micro light-emitting diodes (Micro-LEDs), thanks to their color-tunable and high-efficiency photoluminescence properties.
Recent advancements in scale-up fabrication techniques, including in-situ spray drying, have enabled the mass production of PQDs, with capacities reaching up to 2000 kg per year. This breakthrough has led to the successful incorporation of PQDs into commercial TV products, such as Skyworth’s “Wallpaper” TVs, which boast enhanced eye care capabilities courtesy of their deep-red emissive properties.
Furthermore, researchers have explored the use of PQD-based optical films in LCD display panels, demonstrating exceptional stability under various environmental conditions, and paving the way for their adoption in full-color Micro-LED display applications with pixel sizes as small as 10 μm. As the field continues to evolve, the development of low-cost, high-efficiency PQDs is poised to transform the display industry, enabling the creation of more sophisticated, environmentally friendly, and visually stunning devices.
Introduction to Perovskite Quantum Dots
Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as a promising material in display technology due to their high absorption coefficient, low cost, and ease of processability, as well as their reduced environmental impact compared to traditional materials. These tiny semiconductor nano materials exhibit color-tunable and high-efficiency photoluminescence, making them suitable for various display technologies such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and micro light-emitting diodes (Micro-LEDs). The discovery and development of quantum dots were recognized with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2023, underscoring their significance in the field.
The development of PQDs has been progressing rapidly since Prof. Zhong and his co-workers demonstrated their in-situ fabrication in a polymeric matrix in 2015. This breakthrough led to the founding of Zhijing Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. in 2016, with the aim of promoting the scale-up fabrication and display applications of PQDs. Over the years, various in-situ fabrication techniques have been developed, including blade coating, spray drying, extrusion, inkjet printing, and lithography, to facilitate large-scale production.
Recently, significant progress has been made in addressing the stability issues associated with PQDs, enabling their successful integration into Skyworth’s TV products. Notably, the introduction of 650 nm deep-red emissive PQDs has enhanced the eye care capability of these TV products, offering a distinct advantage over traditional quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) TVs that typically operate at 630 nm.
Scale-Up Fabrication Techniques
The scale-up fabrication of perovskite quantum dots is crucial for their widespread adoption in display technology. Among the various techniques developed, spray drying has emerged as a promising method due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. A recent research article published in the journal Engineering in January 2025, titled “Spray-Drying Fabrication of Perovskite Quantum-Dot-Embedded Polymer Microspheres for Display Applications,” highlights the progress made in this area. The authors demonstrate the scale-up fabrication of PQDs with a production capacity of 2000 kg per year, marking a significant milestone in the commercialization of these materials.
The spray-drying fabrication method involves the embedding of PQDs within polymer microspheres, which are then used as color converters in display applications. This approach not only enables large-scale production but also enhances the stability and performance of the PQDs. The resulting PQD-embedded polymer microspheres exhibit excellent wet, thermal, and blue light irradiation stability, with brightness decays of less than 10% after 1000 hours of aging tests under various conditions.
The use of PQDs in the backlights of LCD display panels has also been explored, with promising results. The PQD-based optical films demonstrate superior stability and performance compared to traditional materials, making them an attractive option for display manufacturers. Furthermore, the application of PQD-embedded polymer microspheres as color converters in full-color Micro-LED display applications has been successfully demonstrated, with a minimum pixel size of 10 μm.
Display Applications and Performance
The integration of perovskite quantum dots into display technology has the potential to revolutionize the industry. The high absorption coefficient and tunable photoluminescence of PQDs enable the creation of displays with enhanced color gamut, brightness, and energy efficiency. The use of 650 nm deep-red emissive PQDs in Skyworth’s TV products is a notable example of this technology in action, offering improved eye care capabilities and reduced blue light emission.
The performance of PQD-based displays is also influenced by the fabrication technique employed. The spray-drying method, for instance, allows for the production of PQD-embedded polymer microspheres with uniform size and composition, which is critical for achieving consistent display performance. Additionally, the stability of the PQDs under various environmental conditions is essential to ensure reliable operation over the lifespan of the display.
The application of PQDs in Micro-LED displays is particularly promising, as it enables the creation of high-resolution, high-brightness displays with low power consumption. The use of PQD-embedded polymer microspheres as color converters in these displays offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for achieving high-color gamut and brightness.
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