ModMax Black Holes and Generalized Uncertainty Principles Modify Hawking Radiation Spectra

The behaviour of light around black holes, and the thermodynamics governing these enigmatic objects, continue to challenge our understanding of gravity, and recent research by Erdem Sucu of Eastern Mediterranean University, Suat Dengiz of OSTIM Technical University, and İzzet Sakallı of Eastern Mediterranean University, et al., sheds new light on these complex phenomena. The team investigates a specific type of black hole, the Einstein-Dyonic-ModMax black hole, incorporating the effects of both quantum gravity and the presence of plasma, the superheated state of matter found in many astrophysical environments. By modelling how light bends around these black holes and calculating their thermodynamic properties, the researchers demonstrate how quantum corrections and plasma density significantly alter the expected behaviour, potentially revealing clues about the nature of dark matter and the stability of these cosmic objects, and offering insights into exotic matter that may support these unusual geometries. This work advances our understanding of black hole physics and provides a framework for interpreting observations of these extreme environments.

Black Hole Thermodynamics and Criticality Studies

This research explores interconnected areas of black hole physics, focusing on their thermodynamic properties, solutions to Einstein’s equations, and connections to modified theories of gravity. Researchers investigate concepts like entropy and enthalpy, alongside the calculation of black hole shadows, which provide a means of testing theoretical predictions, and explore rotating, charged, and regular black holes, investigating phase transitions analogous to those seen in liquids and gases. Investigations extend to the validity of weak cosmic censorship, which proposes that singularities are always hidden, and the study of regular black holes, which aim to avoid singularities at the centre. Dyonic black holes, possessing both electric and magnetic charge, are also a key area of study, alongside modified gravity theories, including nonlinear electrodynamics, which can create unique black hole solutions.

Rainbow gravity, altering particle dispersion at high energies, and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, modifying the Heisenberg principle, are also under investigation, alongside the effects of the Kalb-Ramond field on black hole properties. Astrophysical effects are also a significant focus, with studies of gravitational lensing, the bending of light by gravity, and its application to understanding black holes and other massive objects. Researchers calculate deflection angles and study photon motion in strong gravitational fields, considering the influence of plasma on lensing and shadows, and explore connections to dark matter and dark energy. Theoretical frameworks, such as energy conditions and extended thermodynamics, are also investigated, alongside phenomena like quasinormal modes, greybody factors, and particle motion around black holes, and the possibility of phase transitions within these objects.

EDM Black Holes and Quantum Remnants

Researchers are investigating Einstein-Dyonic-ModMax (EDM) black holes, combining thermodynamics, optics, and quantum gravity to understand their unique properties and potential observational signatures. The study examines how these black holes radiate energy through Hawking radiation, extending beyond classical understanding by incorporating the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, which suggests a minimal length scale in nature. This principle modifies the predicted thermal spectrum, potentially leading to the formation of stable remnants instead of complete evaporation, offering a possible solution to the information paradox and a potential dark matter candidate. To understand how light interacts with these black holes, researchers analyse gravitational lensing using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem.

This allows for precise calculations of light deflection angles, but the analysis goes further by simulating realistic astrophysical environments, embedding the black holes within plasma and even axion-plasmon environments. These simulations reveal how the density of the surrounding medium and the strength of the black hole’s electromagnetic charge affect the path of light, potentially creating observable signatures. The investigation also delves into the thermodynamic properties of these black holes, calculating quantities like internal energy, pressure, and heat capacity, with crucial modifications incorporating quantum corrections to the standard entropy formula, altering predicted phase transitions and stability regions.

ModMax Parameter Alters Black Hole Structure

Researchers have investigated black holes within a framework extending Einstein’s theory of gravity, incorporating nonlinear electrodynamics and quantum effects. This work focuses on Einstein-Dyonic-ModMax (EDM) black holes, possessing both electric and magnetic charges and governed by a modified theory of electromagnetism called ModMax, which introduces a parameter controlling the strength of nonlinearity, allowing for a richer range of black hole solutions. The team discovered that the ModMax parameter significantly alters black hole structure, influencing the formation of event horizons and even leading to the possibility of “naked singularities”. Specifically, the parameter affects spacetime geometry, suppressing electromagnetic backreaction and modifying curvature.

Detailed analysis reveals how the number and location of event horizons change as the ModMax parameter and black hole charges are varied, with configurations exhibiting two, one, or no horizons. The research extends to consider quantum effects, specifically the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, which modifies particle tunneling via Hawking radiation, potentially leading to stable remnants. The team also explored how light bends around these black holes, both in empty space and in the presence of plasma, revealing that the ModMax parameter and plasma density strongly influence the deflection angle, and considered environments containing axions and plasmons, uncovering frequency-dependent modifications to light propagation that could serve as potential dark matter signatures.

Dyonic Black Holes and ModMax Damping

This research investigates Einstein-Dyonic-ModMax (EDM) black holes, extending the standard theory of black holes by incorporating a more complex understanding of electromagnetism and plasma environments. The team demonstrates how the ModMax theory allows for the creation of black hole solutions possessing both electric and magnetic charges, and explores how these solutions differ from those predicted by classical general relativity, revealing that the introduction of the ModMax parameter leads to an exponential damping of electromagnetic backreaction, altering the spacetime geometry around the black hole. The study employs theoretical tools, including a quantum tunneling approach to examine Hawking radiation and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to analyse light deflection, both in vacuum and within plasma environments. Results indicate that the ModMax parameter and plasma density significantly influence the bending of light around these black holes, potentially offering observable signatures, and the team’s thermodynamic analysis.