Recent advancements in quantum computing are attracting escalating investment, mirroring the growth trajectory of artificial intelligence but currently lagging by approximately a decade. While quantum companies generated under $750 million in revenue in 2024, investment has risen from roughly $300 million annually between 2016-2019 to $2-$3 billion annually, and is projected to reach $10 billion by 2027 and $20 billion by 2030. A potential breakthrough delivering widespread quantum utility could trigger a surge in investment, potentially reaching $50 billion, similar to the impact of ChatGPT on AI funding; development is expected to concentrate in established quantum ecosystems due to limited talent and specialised facilities. Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS) is anticipated as a key pathway to commercial adoption, offering access to quantum technologies via cloud-based resources including hardware, software, and algorithms.
The Rise of Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is advancing rapidly, with commercial viability considered a possibility by 2030, following a similar investment trajectory to artificial intelligence but currently lagging by approximately a decade. Between 2016 and 2019, early-phase funding averaged around $300 million annually, increasing to $2–3 billion annually in recent years, mirroring AI’s investment levels from 2015. Projections indicate potential quantum investments of $10 billion annually by 2027 and $20 billion by 2030.
Quantum computing utilises qubits, which, unlike classical bits, can represent 0, 1, or both simultaneously through a phenomenon known as superposition, thereby exponentially increasing computational power with the addition of more qubits. This, combined with entanglement – where qubits remain linked despite physical separation – enables quantum computers to perform calculations at a rate exceeding that of classical computers. Quantum advantage is achieved when a quantum computer demonstrably outperforms classical computing for a specific, practical problem, measured by improvements in speed, cost, accuracy, or efficiency.
While distinct, quantum computing and artificial intelligence are complementary technologies. AI relies on classical computing to learn from data and simulate intelligence, whereas quantum computing represents a fundamentally new approach to computation. However, AI can be used to enhance quantum systems by reducing errors and optimising performance, and quantum computing has the potential to accelerate AI through novel training methods and the resolution of complex problems.
In 2024, quantum companies generated under $750 million in revenue, but excitement is growing, with startups attracting approximately $2 billion in investment. Forecasts suggest that quantum computing could reach $100 billion in revenue by 2035, contingent on continued technological progress. A potential breakthrough delivering quantum advantage around 2030 could trigger $50 billion in investments, mirroring the effect of ChatGPT on AI funding.
Investment in quantum computing will likely concentrate on established quantum ecosystems over the next several years, due to the limited availability of specialised talent and research facilities. Debate exists regarding the future location of quantum development, but a gravitation towards data center markets is plausible, particularly if quantum computers require access to data center cloud infrastructure and integration with AI. Several instances of quantum computers being installed in data centers suggest this scenario is increasingly likely, with the largest cloud providers currently developing quantum computers.
Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS) is anticipated to be a key pathway to commercial adoption, allowing organisations to access quantum technologies via the cloud, mitigating the high costs and specialised expertise required to build and maintain quantum computers. QaaS pricing options include subscription plans and on-demand pricing, with resources encompassing quantum computer hardware, software applications, algorithms, and other quantum tools.
Qubits require highly specialised environments with electromagnetic shielding, cryogenic cooling, and complex control systems to protect them from noise and decoherence. Hybrid quantum-classical facilities will typically maintain both components within the same facility, but in separate, specialised rooms or sections, as exemplified by Germany’s Leibniz Supercomputing Centre. Real estate groups developing relationships and quantum expertise today will likely gain a first-mover advantage.
Quantum Investment and Market Dynamics
The leading quantum markets share key characteristics, possessing a nurturing environment with strong academic institutions, existing quantum facilities, government support, and a burgeoning private sector. Investment will likely concentrate in a limited number of quantum ecosystems that are scaling globally over the next several years, due to the limited availability of specialised talent and research facilities. While debate exists, development may eventually gravitate towards data center markets as the technology matures, particularly if quantum computers require access to data center cloud infrastructure and integration with AI. Several instances of quantum computers being installed in data centers suggest this is a plausible scenario, with the largest cloud providers currently developing quantum computers.
Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS) allows organisations to access quantum technologies via the cloud, addressing the high costs and specialised expertise required to build and maintain quantum computers. QaaS pricing options include subscription plans and on-demand pricing, and resources include quantum computer hardware, software applications, algorithms, and other quantum tools. Several of the largest cloud providers are developing quantum chips, positioning them advantageously in the QaaS industry.
Qubits require highly specialised environments with electromagnetic shielding, cryogenic cooling, and complex control systems to protect them from noise and decoherence. Hybrid quantum-classical facilities will typically maintain both components within the same facility but in separate specialised rooms or sections, as exemplified by Germany’s Leibniz Supercomputing Centre.
Real estate groups that begin developing relationships and quantum expertise today will have a significant first-mover advantage. If technological breakthroughs continue at their current pace, forecasts suggest that quantum investments could reach $10 billion annually by 2027 and $20 billion by 2030. A technology breakthrough that delivers widespread quantum utility could have significant and rapid impacts on the real estate sector.
Quantum Infrastructure and Real Estate
Investment is accelerating dramatically, following AI’s trajectory but lagging by approximately a decade; between 2016 and 2019, early-phase funding averaged around $300 million annually, increasing to $2–3 billion annually in recent years. Projections indicate potential quantum investments of $10 billion annually by 2027 and $20 billion by 2030.
A technology breakthrough that delivers widespread quantum utility could have significant and rapid impacts on the real estate sector, with a potential quantum advantage breakthrough around 2030 potentially triggering $50 billion in investments, similar to the effect of ChatGPT on AI funding. Investment will likely concentrate in a limited number of quantum ecosystems that are scaling globally over the next several years.
Real estate groups that begin developing relationships and quantum expertise today will have a significant first-mover advantage; the leading quantum markets possess a nurturing environment with strong academic institutions, existing quantum facilities, government support, and a burgeoning private sector.
A Roadmap to Commercial Adoption
Investment will be concentrated in quantum hubs for the next several years, due to the limited availability of talent and specialised research facilities. While debate exists regarding the future location of quantum development, a gravitation towards data center markets is plausible, particularly if quantum computers require access to data center cloud infrastructure and integration with AI. Several instances of quantum computers being installed in data centers suggest this is a plausible scenario, with the largest cloud providers currently developing quantum computers, and potentially placing quantum operations within their existing data center assets.
Hybrid quantum-classical facilities will typically maintain both components within the same facility but in separate specialised rooms or sections, as exemplified by Germany’s Leibniz Supercomputing Centre, reflecting the specialised requirements of qubits, which necessitate highly specialised environments with electromagnetic shielding, cryogenic cooling, and complex control systems to protect them from noise and decoherence. Real estate groups that begin developing relationships and quantum expertise today will have a significant first-mover advantage, as investment is accelerating dramatically, following AI’s trajectory but lagging by approximately a decade; between 2016 and 2019, early-phase funding averaged around $300 million annually, increasing to $2–3 billion annually in recent years. Projections indicate potential quantum investments of $10 billion annually by 2027 and $20 billion by 2030. A technology breakthrough that delivers widespread quantum utility could have significant and rapid impacts on the real estate sector.
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